Redwood Analytics

The April 2008 Scientific American contains an article titled Why Things Cost $19.95:  What Are The Psychological "Rules" Of Bartering? (hat tip: Matthew Homann, in his blog the [non]billable hour).  The article explains the effects that initial pricing has on a potential buyer based on a series of tests.  The results found:

people appear to create mental measuring sticks that run in increments away from any opening bid, and the size of the increments depends on the opening bid. That is, if we see a $20 toaster, we might wonder whether it is worth $19 or $18 or $21; we are thinking in round numbers. But if the starting point is $19.95, the mental measuring stick would look different. We might still think it is wrongly priced, but in our minds we are thinking about nickels and dimes instead of dollars, so a fair comeback might be $19.75 or $19.50.

 The authors of the tests then looked at five years of real estate sales in Florida to see the difference between the list price of real estate and the actual sales price.

They found that sellers who listed their homes more precisely—say $494,500 as opposed to $500,000—consistently got closer to their asking price. Put another way, buyers were less likely to negotiate the price down as far when they encountered a precise asking price. Furthermore, houses listed in round numbers lost more value if they sat on the market for a couple of months. So, bottom line: one way to deal with a buyer’s market may be to pick an exact list price to begin with.

Homann, in his post on the subject, took it a step further:  Why not charge $297 per hour rather than $300 per hour?  Then if a client wanted to negotiate, ostensibly the negotiations would be in single dollars rather than tens of dollars.

In the case of firms who are competing with other firms for business, this tactic may work well to secure a deal. 

It may not work as well when clients are asking for a discount.  Many times when it comes to discounting rates, clients look at percentage discounts of the whole bill rather than dollar discounts.   Therefore taking a few dollars off the charge per hour may end up costing you a lot more than anticipated.  Where it may work better is in flat fee or value-bill situations, where you are adjusting only the final price of the service.

So, if you have priced a certain task at $1,500, try advertising a price of $1,497.96.  On top of making the client look at penny increments, it also makes it look like you have calculated the exact value of the service.  Before making wholesale changes to your pricing, try on a specific area that may have a higher average of discounts (or lost potential clients due to pricing) than other areas.  Track whether the change in pricing has an effect.  If so, please feel free to post your results here.