A Contracts Anthology, Second Edition

Indented italic headings are editor's comments.

Prologue 1

On Being a Good Person While Being a Good Lawyer

Lawrence Joseph and Banks McDowell On The Darker Side of Being a Lawyer

Lawrence Joseph, Any and All, from Curriculum Vitae (University of Pittsburgh Press 1988)

Banks McDowell, The Lawyer As Manipulator: Is This A Useful Model For Legal Education And Practice?, 31 WASHBURN L.J. 506 (1992)

A Family Feud, ''The Old Gentleman '', and "Soapy''-- Some Proof of the Good in the Legal Profession

Kara Swisher, Hafts Reach Settlement In Court, WASHINGTON POST, May 18, 1994, p.AI, col. 1

Kara Swisher, Hafts Share The Wealth: Gloria Haft's Portion Could Hit 380 Million, WASHINGTON POST, May 19, 1994, p. Al, col. 1.

Joseph M. Perillo, Twelve Letters From Arthur L. Corbin to Robert Braucher, 50 WASH. & LEE L. REV. 755 (1993)

Lawrence Joseph, Justice G. Mennen Williams: A Memoir, 66 U. DETROIT L. REV. 339 (1989)

Part I. The Essence Of Contract

A. What Is Contract, And How Important Is It?

Is There (Ought There To Be.?) a Philosophy of Contract?

Dennis M. Patterson, The Philosophical Origins of Modern Contract Doctrine: An Open Letter to Professor James Gordley, 1991 WASH. L. REV. 1432

A Dialogue Between Kessler and Gilmore

Friedrich Kessler, Introduction: Contract As a Principle of Order, from Friedrich Kessler, Grant Gilmore and Anthony T. Kronman, Contracts (3d ed. 1986)

Grant Gilmore, Introduction and Teaching Notes from Teacher's Manual (1972) to Friedrich Kessler and Grant Gilmore, Contracts (2d ed. 1970) (footnotes by Friedrich Kessler ("F.K."))

Grant Gilmore, The Death of Contract 87-90 (1974)

Friedrich Kessler, Grant Gilmore As I Remember Him, 92 YALE L.J. 4 (1982)

Stewart Macaulay and the "Wisconsin School''

Macaulay's 1963 Article

Stewart Macaulay, An Empirical View of Contract, 1985 WIS. L. REV. 465

B. The Basis Of Contract

Introduction

Morris Raphael Cohen and Contract As Public Law

Morris R. Cohen, The Basis of Contract, 46 HARV. L. REV. 553 (1933)

Promise or Consent as the Keys to Contract

Randy E. Barnett, Book Review (of E.A. Farnsworth, Contracts (1982)) 97 HARV. L. REV. 1223 (1984)

Randy E. Barnett, A Consent Theory of Contract, 86 COLUM. L. REV. 269, (1986)

Reliance, Expectation and Civil Obligation

Patrick Atiyah, Contracts, Promises and the Law of Obligations, 94 L.Q. REV. 193 (1978)

Relationships As the Basis of Contract

Ian R. Macneil, Contracts: Adjustment of Long-Term Economic Relations Under Classical. Neoclassical, and Relational Contract Law, 72 NW. U.L. REV. 854 (1978)

Community and Solidarity-Thoughts From Roberto Unger and Patricia Williams

Patricia J. Williams, Alchemical Notes: Reconstructing Ideals From Deconstructed Rights, 22 104 HARV. CR-CL L. REV. 401 (1987)

Contracts and Contractarianism--Jean Braucher and Contract As Regulation

Jean Braucher, Contract Versus Contractarianism: The Regulatory Role of Contract Law, 47 WASH. & LEE L. REV. 697 (1990)

Where Do We Go From Here?

Peter Linzer, Uncontracts: Context, Contorts and the Relational Approach, 1988 ANN. SURVEY OF AMERICAN LAW 139

A Brief Note About Allan Farnsworth's Doubts About Grand Theories

C. Where Did Contract Law Come From?

Introduction

The Horwitz-Simpson Debate

Morton J. Horwitz, The Historical Foundations of Modern Contract Law, 87 HARV. L. REV. 917 (1974)

A.W.B. Simpson, The Horwitz Thesis and the History of Contracts, 46 U. CHI.. L. REV. 533 (1979)

Horwitz's History and Horwitz's Interpretation--His Critics and the Critics of His Critics

A Look at a Classroom Classic in Light of the Changing American Economy (herein of Wood v. Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon)

Walter F. Pratt, Jr., American Contract Law At The Turn Of The Century, 39 S.C. L. REV. 415 (1988)

The Black Experience With Contract

Anthony R. Chase, Race, Culture and Contract Law: From the Cottonfield to the Classroom, CONN. L. REV. ___ (1995)

D. Points of View 169

Introduction: Generalizing from Carol Gilligan

Feminist Jurisprudence and Mary Joe Frug's Critique of a Casebook (herein again of Won v. Lucy, and of Parker v. Twentieth Century-Fox)

Mary Joe Frug, Re-reading Contracts: A Feminist Analysis of a Casebook, 34 AMERICAN U. L. REV. 1065 (1985)

The Flesh-Colored Band Aid: An essay by Peter Linzer and Patricia Tidwell Wilkinson [An expanded version of this essay appeared as Tidwell and Linzer, The Flesh-Colored Band Aid: Contracts, Feminism, Dialogue and Norms, 28 HOUSTON L. REV. 791 (1991).] 181

PART II. FAMOUS CASES AND FAMOUS COMMENTARY

Introduction

Hadley v. Baxendale, 9 Ex. 451, 156 Eng. Rep. 145 (1854)

Richard Danzig, Hadley v. Baxendale: A Study in the Industrialization of the Law, 4 J. LEG. STUD. 249 (1975)

Lawrence v. Fox, 20 N. Y. 268 (1859)

Raffles v. Wichelhaus, 2 H. & C. 906, 159 Eng. Rep. 37S (Ex. 1864) 33 L.J.N.S. 160 (Ex. 1864)

A. W. Brian Simpson, Contracts for Cotton to Arrive: The Case of the Two Ships Peerless, 11 CARDOZO L. REV. 287 (1989)

Wood v. Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon, 222 N.Y. 88, 118 N.E. 214 (1917)

The Allegheny College Case (Allegheny College v. National Chautauqua County Bank), 246 N.Y. 369, 159 N.E. 173 (1927)

Alfred S. Konefsky, How To Read, Or at Least Not Misread, Cardozo in the Allegheny College Case, 36 BUFF. L. REV. 645 (1987).

Peevyhouse v. Garland Coal & Mining Co., 382 P.2d 109 (Okla. 1962), cert. denied, 375 U.S. 906 (1963).

Judith L. Maute, Peevyhouse v. Garland Coal & Mining Co. Revisited: The Ballad of Willie and Lucille, 89 NW. U. L. REV. 501 (1995)

Parker v. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp., 3 Cal. 3d 176, 474 P.2d 689, 89 Cal. Rptr. 737 (1970)

Texaco, Inc. v. Pennzoil Co., No. 84-05905 (151st Judicial Dist., Harris County, Texas 1985), aff'd, 729 S.W.2d 768 (Text App. 1987, writ ref'd n.r.e.), cert. denied, 485 U.S. 994 (1988)

Russell J. Weintraub, The Ten Billion Dollar Junks Standards for Determining Intention to Contract: Pennzoil v. Texaco, 9 REV. OF LITIGATION 371 (1990)

In re Baby M., 109 N.J. 396, 537 A.2d 1227 (1988)

Johnson v. Calvert, 5 Cal. 4th 84, 851 P.2d 776, 19 Cal. Rptr. 494, cert. denied, 114 S. Ct. 206 (1993), cert. dismissed, 114 S. Ct. 374 (1993)

Grant Gilmore's Version of Contract History

Ronald K. L. Collins, Gilmore's Grant (or The Life & Afterlife of Grant Gilmore & His Death), 90 NW. U. L. REV. ___ (1995)

PART III. THE FORMATION AND CREATION OF CONTRACT RIGHTS

A. Contract Formation and Consideration Within the Bargain System

Wesley Hohfeld, Arthur Corbin and Precise Legal Terminology

Corbin's Analysis of the Formation Process

Arthur L. Corbin, Offer and Acceptance, and Some of the Resulting Legal Relations, 26 YALE L.J. 169 (1917)

Lon Fuller on Consideration

Lon L. Fuller, Consideration and Form, 41 COLUM. L. REV. 799 (1941)

Richard Posner on Promises of Gifts

Richard A. Posner, Gratuitous Promises in Economics and Law, 6 J. LEG. STUDIES 411 (1977)

"Agreements to Agree''

Charles L. Knapp, Enforcing the Contract to Bargain, 44 N.Y.U. L. REV. 673 (1969)

E. Allan Farnsworth, Precontractual Liability and Preliminary Agreements: Fair Dealing and Failed Negotiations, 87 COLUM. L. REV. 217 (1987)

B. Restitution and Reliance as Alternatives to Bargain

Restitution's Role in Contract

John W. Wade, Restitution for Benefits Conferred Without Request, 19 VAND. L. REV. 1183 (1966)

Section 90 and the First RestatementyThe Gilmore Version and the EvidenceFrom the Time

Debate on Section 88 (Later Section 90) of the Restatement of Contracts, 4 AMERICAN LAW INSTITUTE PROCEEDINGS Appendix 85-114 (1926) 339

The Expansion of the Reliance/Promissory Estoppel Concept

Stanley D. Henderson, Promissory Estoppel and Traditional Contract Doctrine, 78 YALE L.J. 343 (1969)

Reliance in the Years to Come

Daniel A. Farber and John H. Matheson, Beyond Promissory Estoppel: Contract Law and the "Invisible Handshake," 52 U. CHI. L. REV. 903 (1985)

Jay M. Feinman, The Meaning of Reliance: A Historical Perspective, 1984 WIS. L. REV. 1373

Yorio and Thel and A Different Spin On Promissory Estoppel

Edward Yorio and Steve Thel, The Promissory Basis of Section 90, 101 YALE L.J. 111 (1991)

C. Third Party Rights, Public Law, and Property Interests Within Contracts

Tony Waters's Use of the Past and Present to Find the Future

Anthony Jon Waters, The Property In the Promise: A Study of the Third PartyBeneficiary Rule,* 98 HARV. L. REV. 1109 (1985)

What Leon Green Saw

Leon Green, The Case for the Sit-Down Strike, 90 THE NEW REPUBLIC 199 (1937)

PART IV. CONTRACTS IN ACTION

A. The Interpretation of Contracts

Words and Meaning

Arthur L. Corbin, The Interpretation of Words and the Parol Evidence Rule, 50 CORNELL L.Q. 161 (1965)

E. Allan Farnsworth, "Meaning" in the Law of Contracts, 76 Yale L.J. 939 (1967)

Contract Interpretation and "High Weirdness"

L. Gordon Crovitz, Saving Contracts From High Weirdness, WALL STREET JOURNAL, August 3, 1988, p. 16.

Susan J. Martin, Yes, Judge Kozinski, There Is A Parol Evidence Rule in California- The Lessons of a Pyrrhic Victory, 25 SW. L.J. I (1995)

B. Public Policy, Good Faith, Economic Duress and Unconscionability: Collective Values And Individual Choices (Or Is It All Just Paternalism?)

1. Public Policy

Walter Gellhorn and Public Policy

Walter Gellhorn, Contracts and Public Policy, 35 COLUM. L. REV. 679 (1935)

Public Policy From Sunday Contracts to Baby M. And Beyond

Martha A. Field, Surrogacy Contracts--Gestational and Traditional: The Argument for Nonenforcement, 31 WASHBURN L.J. 1 (1991)

Marjorie Maguire Shultz, Reproducible Technology and Intent-Based Parenthood: An Opportunity for Gender Neutrality, 1990 WIS. L. REV. 297

2. Good Faith and Fair Dealing

The Good Faith Concept and the Summers-Burton Debate

Robert S. Summers, The General Duty of Good FaithyIts Recognition and Conceptualization, 67 CORNELL L. REV. 810 (1982)

Steven J. Burton, More on Good Faith Performance of a Contract: A Reply to Professor Summers, 69 IOWA L. REV. 497 (1984)

3. Economic Duress

The Concept of Economic Duress

Robert L. Hale, Bargaining, Duress, and Economic Liberty, 43 COLUM. L. REV. 603 (1943)

4. Unconscionability

Attacks on Unconscionability

Arthur A. Leff, Unconscionability and the CodeyThe Emperor's New Clause, 115 U. PA. L. REV. 485 (1967)

Defenses of the Unconscionability Concept

5. Paternalism

The Problems of Paternalism

C. The Uniform Commercial Code and Its Changes In the Common Law of Contracts

Interpretation and the UCC: ''Agreement, '' Trade Usage and Good Faith

Amy H. Kastely, Stock Equipment for the Bargain in Fact: Trade Usage, "Express Terms," and Consistency Under Section 1-205 of the Uniform Commercial Code, 64 N.C. L. REV. 777 (1986)

Dennis M. Patterson, Good Faith, Lender Liability, and Discretionary Acceleration: Of Llewellyn, Wittgenstein, and the Uniform Commercial Code, 68 TEX. L. REV. 169 (1989)

A Note On International Sales of Goods

D. The Concept of Default Rules

Ian Ayres and Robert Gertner, Filling Gaps In Incomplete Contracts: An Economic Theory of Default Rules, 99 YALE L.J. 87 (1989)

Robert E. Scott, A Relational Theory of Default Rules For Commercial Contracts, 19 J. LEGAL STUD. 597 (1990)

E. Changing (Saving?) the Parties' Deal: Mistake and Impracticability

Mistakes

Anthony T. Kronman, Mistake, Disclosure, Information, and the Law of Contracts, 7 J. LEGAL STUD. 1 (1978)

Adjusting Long-Term Contracts: Impracticability and Freedom of Contract

Richard E. Speidel, The New Spirit of Contract, 2 J. LAW & COMM. 193 (1982)

John P. Dawson, Judicial Revision of Frustrated Contracts: The United States, 64 B.U.L. REV. 1 (1984)

PART V. CONTRACTS AS TRANSACTIONS

Ronald K.L. Collins and Edward L. Rubin, To Aid Business, Change Law School, The New York Times, Sunday, March 5, 1995, Section 3 (Business), page 9.

A Relational Contract In a Hard-Nosed, But Troubled Industry

The Saturn Agreement (Memorandum of Agreement Between the United Auto Workers (UAW) and Saturn Corporation)

PART Vl. REMEDIES

Introductory Note

Traditional Contract Remedies and the Question of Efficient Breach

Daniel Friedmann, The Efficient Breach Fallacy, 18 J. LEGAL STUD. 1 (1989)

Douglas Laycock, The Death of the Irreparable Injury Rule, 103 HARV. L. REV. 687 (1990)

Traditional Contract Damages and Modern Challenges

W. David Slawson, The Role of Reliance in Contract Damages, 76 CORNELL L. REV. 197 (1990)

John A. Sebert, Jr., Punitive and Nonpecuniary Damages In Actions Based Upon Contract: Toward Achieving the Objective of Full Compensation, 33 UCLA L. Rev. 1565 (1986)

Judicially Imposed Compromise-The Wisdom of Solomon?

Changing the Measure of Contract Damages--and Using Remedies Not Based on Contract

Russell J. Weintraub, A Survey of Contract Practice and Policy, 1992 WIS. L. REV. 1

Alternative Dispute Resolution and Its Promise for Contracts

Carrie Menkel-Meadow, Dispute Resolution: The Periphery Becomes the Core, 69 JUDICATURE 300 (1986) [Review of Stephen B. Goldberg, Eric D. Green and Frank E. A. Sander, Dispute Resolution (1985)]

EPILOGUE GILMORE ON CORBIN ON CARDOZO ON LAW

Grant Gilmore, The Assignee of Contract Rights and His Precarious Security, 74 YALE L.J. 217 (1964)

Veronica Venice

Peter Linzer

Patricia Tidwell Wilkinson

Nels Jacobson