Criminal Procedure: Arrest and Investigation, 1996

Table of Cases xix

Preface xxiii

CHAPTER 1. THE PROTECTIONS OF AND RATIONALE FOR THE FOURTH AMENDMENT

Brinegar v. United States 2

Draper v. United States 3

CHAPTER 2. PROBABLE CAUSE

Brinegar v. United States 5

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 10

Draper v. United States 11

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 14

Spinelli v. United States 14

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 20

Illinois v. Gates 20

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 31

Massachusetts v. Upton 31

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 34

Commonwealth v. Upton 34

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 36

CHAPTER 3. THE NEED FOR A WARRANT

A. Is The Warrant Requirement The Exception Or The Rule? 37

Vale v. Louisiana 37

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 40

Chambers v. Maroney 40

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 43

United States v. Chadwick 43

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 45

B. Who Can Issue A Warrant? 45

Coolidge v. New Hampshire 45

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 48

Shadwick v. Tampa 48

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 49

Connally v. Georgia 50

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 51

CHAPTER 4. ARRESTS

A. The Paradigm 53

United States v. Watson 53

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 58

B. Post-Arrest Probable Cause Hearings 59

Riverside v. McLaughlin 59

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 63

C. Bail 63

United States v. Salerno 63

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 69

D. Arrests In The Home 69

United States v. Santana 70

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 71

Payton v. New York 71

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 77

Steagald v. United States 77

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 82

Welsh v. Wisconsin 83

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 85

Minnesota v. Olson 85

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 93

PROBLEM 87

E. Force In Effectuating An Arrest 87

Tennessee v. Garner 88

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 93

Graham v. Connor 94

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 96

F. Search Incident To Arrest 96

Chimel v. California 96

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 100

Maryland v. Buie 100

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 106

CHAPTER 5. PLAIN VIEW

Coolidge v. New Hampshire 107

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 112

Arizona v. Hicks 113

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 118

Horton v. California 118

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 124

CHAPTER 6. AUTOMOBILES

A. The Rule And Its Rationale 125

Coolidge v. New Hampshire 125

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 128

Cardwell v. Lewis 128

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 131

California v. Carney 132

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 136

B. Cars and Containers 137

Arkansas v. Sanders 137

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 142

United States v. Ross 142

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 150

California v. Acevedo 150

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 158

C. Search Incident To Arrest In An Automobile 159

Belton v. New York 159

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 164

D. Suspicionless Highway Stops 165

Delaware v. Prouse 165

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 168

Michigan v. Sitz 169

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 176

E. Inventory Searches 176

Colorado v. Bertine 176

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 181

Florida v. Wells 182

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 183

CHAPTER 7. LIMITED SEARCHES ON LESS THAN PROBABLE CAUSE

A. Protection Of The Officer 185

Terry v. Ohio 185

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 191

Sibron v. New York 192

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 193

PROBLEM 193

Michigan v. Long 194

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 199

Ybarra v. Illinois 199

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 203

B. What Is Reasonable Suspicion? How Is It Different From Probable Cause? 203

Adams v. Williams 203

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 203

United States v. Cortez 207

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 211

Royer v. Florida 211

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 216

United States v. Sokolow 216

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 220

Alabama v. White 221

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 223

C. Limits on Terry-Type Stops 223

Florida v. Royer 224

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 228

United States v. Place 229

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 234

United States v. Sharpe 234

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 242

Michigan v. Summers 242

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 246

CHAPTER 8. UNUSUAL SITUATIONS

A. Administrative Searches 247

Camara v. Municipal Court 247

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 251

B. School Searches 251

New Jersey v. T.L.O. 251

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 262

C. Probationers 262

Griffin v. Wisconsin 262

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 268

D. Especially Intrusive Searches 268

Winston v. Lee 269

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 272

E. Border Searches 273

United States v. Montoya de Hernandez 273

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 281

F. The Fourth Amendment Beyond Our Borders 281

United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez 281

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 288

CHAPTER 9. SEIZURES

United States v. Mendenhall 289

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 294

Florida v. Royer 295

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 297

I.N.S. v. Delgado 297

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 305

Florida v. Bostick 305

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 311

California v. Hodari D. 312

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 317

CHAPTER 10. SEARCHES

A. The Divining Rod Theory of the Fourth Amendment 319

The Fourth Amendment as a Device for Protecting the Innocent 320

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 322

United States v. Place 322

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 323

United States v. Jacobsen 323

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 326

Lewis v. United States 327

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 328

Hoffa v. United States 329

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 331

Katz v. United States 331

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 333

United States v. White 334

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 338

Smith v. Maryland 339

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 343

Oliver v. United States 343

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 350

PROBLEM 351

Florida v. Riley 352

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 358

California v. Greenwood 358

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 361

PROBLEM 362

CHAPTER 11. WHAT ITEMS MAY BE SEIZED?

Warden v. Hayden 363

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 368

Andresen v. Maryland 368

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 371

Zurcher v. Stanford Daily 371

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 380

CHAPTER 12. CONSENT

Schneckloth v. Bustamonte 381

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 388

Illinois v. Rodriguez 389

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 393

CHAPTER 13. THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE

A. The Rationale For The Exclusionary Rule 395

Mapp v. Ohio 395

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 398

United States v. Calandra 399

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 403

B. The Good Faith Exception To The Exclusionary Rule 404

United States v. Leon 404

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 417

Massachusetts v. Sheppard 417

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 420

Commonwealth v. Edmunds 421

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 427

Arizona v. Evans 428

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 435

C. Standing 435

Rakas v. Illinois 435

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 443

United States v. Salvucci 444

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 446

Rawlings v. Kentucky 446

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 451

United States v. Payner 451

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 457

CHAPTER 14. CONFESSIONS, VOLUNTARINESS

Brown v. Mississippi 459

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 461

Watts v. Indiana 462

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 465

Crooker v. California 465

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 468

Spano v. New York 469

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 472

CHAPTER 15. RIGHT TO COUNSEL

Massiah v. United States 473

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 477

Weatherford v. Bursey 477

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 482

Escobedo v. Illinois 482

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 488

CHAPTER 16. MIRANDA

A. The Case Itself 489

Miranda v. Arizona 489

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 507

B. The Nature of the Warnings 508

Duckworth v. Eagan 508

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 513

Colorado v. Spring 514

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 518

C. Invoking Miranda 519

Fare v. Michael C. 519

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 525

Michigan v. Mosley 526

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 532

Edwards v. Arizona 532

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 535

Oregon v. Bradshaw 535

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 540

Arizona v. Roberson 540

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 544

Minnick v. Mississippi 544

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 549

PROBLEM 550

Davis v. United States 551

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 556

PROBLEM 556

D. Waiver 557

North Carolina v. Butler 557

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 560

Tague v. Louisiana 560

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 561

Connecticut v. Barrett 561

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 564

E. Custody 564

Mathis v. United States 564

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 566

Orozco v. Texas 566

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 569

Beckwith v. United States 569

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 572

Oregon v. Mathiason 572

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 575

PROBLEM 575

Minnesota v. Murphy 576

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 583

Berkemer v. McCarty 584

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 588

PROBLEM 588

Illinois v. Perkins 589

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 594

F. Interrogation 595

Rhode Island v. Innls 595

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 602

PROBLEM 602

G. The Public Safety Exception 603

New York v. Quarles 603

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 611

CHAPTER 17. THE RIGHT TO COUNSEL AND CONFESSIONS

A. Massiah Revisited 613

Brewer v. Williams 613

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 622

Maine v. Moulton 623

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 629

Kuhlmann v. Wilson 630

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 634

B. Contrasting Massiah and Miranda 634

Michigan v. Jackson 634

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 638

McNeil v. Wisconsin 638

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 644

Moran v. Burbine 644

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 654

Patterson v. Illinois 655

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 661

CHAPTER 18. VOLUNTARINESS REVISITED

Mincey v. Arizona 663

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 667

Colorado v. Connelly 667

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 672

Arizona v. Fulminante 673

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 679

PROBLEM 679

CHAPTER 19. DUE PROCESS OUTSIDE OF THE CONFESSION CONTEXT

Rochin v. California 701

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 704

Irvine v. California 704

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 707

Schmerber v. California 707

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 711

CHAPTER 20. IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURES

A. The Right To Counsel 713

United States v. Wade 713

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 722

PROBLEM 723

B. The Decline Of Wade 723

Kirby v. Illinois 723

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 726

PROBLEM 727

United States v. Ash 728

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 734

C. The Due Process Backup 735

Manson v. Brathwaite 735

QUESTIONS AND NOT

CHAPTER 21. ATTENUATION

A. Fourth Amendment 747

Wong Sun v. United States 747

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 750

Taylor v. Alabama 750

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 754

New York v. Harris 754

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 759

United States v. Ceccolini 759

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 765

B. Miranda 765

New York v. Quarles 765

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 768

Oregon v. Elstad 768

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 779

CHAPTER 22. INEVITABLE DISCOVERY

Nix v. Williams 781

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 787

Murray v. United States 788

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 794

CHAPTER 23. ENTRAPMENT

A. The Relevance of Predisposition 795

Sherman v. United States 795

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 795

Jacobson v. United States 800

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 807

B. The Due Process Defense 808

United States v. Gamble 808

QUESTIONS AND NOTES 811

LAW REVIEW BIBLIOGRAPHY 813

Arnold H. Loewy

Arthur B. LaFrance