ACKNOWLEDGMENT xvii
INTRODUCTION xix
PART I ORIGINALITY AND AUTHORSHIP: NEW VISIONS OF
TRADITIONAL CONCEPTS 1
Jessica Litman, The Public Domain, 39 Emory L.J.
965 (1990) 2
Peter Jaszi, Toward a Copyright Theory: The
Metamorphoses of Authorship, 1991 Duke L.J. 455 19
Wendy J. Gordon. A Property Right in Self-Expression:
Equality and Individualism in the Natural Law of Intellectual
Property, 102 Yale L.J. 1533 (1993) 41
PART II COPYRIGHT SUBJECT MATTER AND TECHNOLOGY
59
A. Introduction: Technology and Copyright Law Over
Time 59
Jessica D. Litman, Copyright
Legislation and Technological Change, 68 Ore. L. Rev.
275 (1989) 59
B. Technology and the Subject Matter of Copyright:
Fixation 81
Ira L. Brandriss, Writing in Frost on a Window Pane:
E-Mail and Chatting on RAM and Copyright Fixation, 43 J.
Copyright Soc. of the U.S.A. 237 (1996) 82
C. Technology and Ownership 99
Margaret Chon, New Wine Bursting From Old Bottles:
Collaborative Internet Art, Jointworks, and Entrepreneurship,
75 Ore. L. Rev. 257 (1996) 100
Alan Hyde & Christopher W. Hager, Promoting The
Copyright Act's Creator-Favoring Presumption: "Works
Made For Hire" Under Aymes v. Bonelli & Avtec
Systems, Inc. v. Peiffer, 71 Denv. U. L. Rev. 693, (1994) 107
D. Length of Copyright Ownership: Terms, Renewal Terms
And Termination Rights 115
William Patry, The Failure of the American Copyright
System: Protecting the Idle Rich, 72 Notre Dame L. Rev.
907 (1997) 116
E. Pictorial and Graphic Works: Derivative Works and
Digital Imaging 126
Jeanne English Sullivan, Copyright for Visual Art in
the Digital Age: A Modern Adventure in Wonderland, 14
Cardozo Arts & Ent. L.J. 563 (1996) 127
F. Sculptural Works and Useful Articles in the Modern
Age 138
Raymond M. Polakovic, Should the Bauhaus Be in the
Copyright Doghouse? Rethinking Conceptual Separability,
64 U. Colo. L. Rev. 871 (1993) 139
G. Data Bases After Feist
Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co.
155
Jane C. Ginsburg, No "Sweat"? Copyright and
Other Protection of Works of Information After Feist v.
Rural Telephone, 92 Colum. L. Rev. 338 (1992) 156
Wendy J. Gordon, Reality as Artifact: From Feist to
Fair Use, 55 Law & Contemp. Probs. 93 (1992) 169
H. Character Copyrights 177
Leslie A. Kurtz, The Independent Legal Lives of
Fictional Characters, 1986 Wis. L. Rev. 429 177
I. The Digital World of Sound Recordings, Sampling and
Performance Rights 195
Robert M. Szymanski, Audio Pastiche: Digital Sampling,
Intermediate Copying, Fair Use, 3 UCLA Ent. L. Rev. 271,
(1996) 195
Andrew Hartman, Don't Worry, Be Happy! Music
Performance and Distribution on the Internet Is Protected
After the Digital Performance Rights in Sound Recordings Act
of 1995, 7 DePaul LCA J. Art & Ent. L. 37 (1996) 209
J. A Note on Other Articles of Interest on
Copyrightable Subject Matter 223
PART III COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT: THEORY AND REALITY IN
THE INTERNET AGE 225
A. Infringement and The Internet: The Right to Read
225
Jessica Litman, Revising Copyright Law for the
Information Age, 75 Ore. L. Rev. 19 (1996) 226
David Nimmer, Brains and Other Paraphernalia of the
Digital Age, 10 Harv. J.L. & Tech. 1 (1996) 238
B. Technology and Infringement Actions: Expert
Testimony 252
Alice J. Kim, Expert Testimony and Substantial
Similarity: Facing the Music in (Music) Copyright
Infringement Cases, 19 Colum.-VLA J.L. & Arts 109
(1995) 253
C. Infringement and the Internet: Vicarious Liability
266
Scott K. Pomeroy, Promoting the Progress of Science
and the Useful Arts in the Digital Domain: Copyright,
Computer Bulletin Boards, and Liability for Infringement by
Others, 45 Emory L.J. 1035 (1996) 266
PART IV COPYRIGHT AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE 281
A. Propriety of Copyright Protection 281
Wendy J. Gordon, Assertive Modesty: An Economics of
Intangibles, 94 Colum. L. Rev. 2579 (1994) 282
Jane C. Ginsburg, Four Reasons and a Paradox: The
Manifest Superiority of Copyright Over Sui Generis Protection
of Computer Software, 94 Colum. L. Rev. 2559 (1994) 290
B. Software Infringement 298
Marci A. Hamilton & Ted Sabety, Computer Science
Concepts in Copyright Cases: The Path to a Coherent Law,
10 Harv. J.L. & Tech. 239 (1997) 299
C. Software and Derivative Works 317
Christian H. Nadan, A Proposal to Recognize Component
Works: How a Teddy Bears on the Competing Ends of Copyright
Law, 78 Cal. L. Rev. 1633 (1990) 318
PART V FAIR USE AND MORAL RIGHTS 327
A. Economics, Technology and Fair Use 327
Wendy J. Gordon, Fair Use as Market Failure: A
Structural and Economic Analysis of the Betamax Case
and Its Predecessors, 82 Colum. L. Rev. 1600 (1982) 328
B. Computers, Digital Technology and Fair Use
345
Pamela Samuelson, Fair Use for Computer Programs and
Other Copyrightable Works in Digital Form: The Implications
of Sony, Galoob and Sega, 1 J. Intell. Prop. L.
49 (1993) 346
C. Parody, New Art Forms, Fair Use and Moral Rights
358
Louise Harmon, Law, Art, and the Killing Jar, 79
Iowa L. Rev. 367 (1994) 359
Geri J. Yonover, The "Dissing" of Da Vinci:
The Imaginary Case of Leonardo v. Duchamp: Moral Rights,
Parody, and Fair Use, 29 Val. U. L. Rev. 935 (1995) 379
PART VI PREEMPTION OF STATE LAW 393
Jane C. Ginsburg, No "Sweat"? Copyright and
Other Protection of Works of Information After Feist v.
Rural Telephone, 92 Colum. L. Rev. 338 (1992) 393
PART VII INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT AND NEW TECHNOLOGY
405
David Nimmer, The End of Copyright, 48 Vand. L.
Rev. 1385 (1995) 406
Charles R. McManis, Taking TRIPS on the Information
Superhighway: International Intellectual Property Protection
and Emerging Computer Technology, 41 Vill. L. Rev. 207
(1996) 417
PART VIII COPYRIGHT THEORY FOR THE FUTURE 433
Stewart Sterk, Rhetoric and Reality in Copyright Law,
94 Mich. L. Rev. 1197 (1996) 433
Neil Weinstock Netanel, Copyright and a Democratic
Civil Society, 106 Yale L.J. 283 (1996) 450
Additional Bibliography 473
Case Index 477