Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . 1
A. Overview . . . . . . . 1
B. Basics . . . . . . . 1
Joel K. Goldstein, Reconceptualizing Admiralty: A Pedagogical Approach . . . . 1
William Tetley, Maritime Law as a Mixed Legal System (With Particular Reference to the Distinctive Nature of American Maritime Law, Which Benefits From Both Its Civil and Common Law Heritages) . . . . 4
Graydon S. Staring, The Proctor's Dilemma: Certifying Specialties in Admiralty . . . . 7
Austin P. Olney, A Report from the Marine Regulatory Front: Partly Cloudy with a Chance of Thunder Storms . . . . 10
Notes . . . . 12
Problem 1 . . . . 16
C. Professional Responsibility . . . . 17
Charles L. Brieant, Professionalism, Civility, and the Maritime Bar: A View from the Bench . . . . 17
Louisiana State Bar Association v. Edwins . . . . 19
Hatteras of Lauderdale, Inc. v. Gemini Lady . . . . 27
Wright v. Williams . . . . 32
Notes . . . . 37
Problem 2 . . . . 40
Chapter 2. JURISDICTION AND APPLICABLE LAW . . . . 41
A. Overview . . . . 41
B. Guideposts . . . . 41
1. The Constitution and the First Judiciary Act . . . . 41
United States Constitution - Article III . . . . 41
An Act to Establish the Judicial Courts of the United States . . . . 41
William R. Casto, The Origins of Federal Admiralty Jurisdiction in an Age of Privateers, Smugglers and Pirates . . . . 42
Jonathan M. Gutoff, Original Understandings and the Private Law Origins of the Federal Admiralty Jurisdiction: A Reply to Professor Casto . . . . 43
Notes . . . . 46
Problem 3 . . . . 47
2. From Tidewaters to Navigability . . . . 47
Statute of 13 Rich. II, c. . . . 5 . . . . 47
Statute of 15 Rich. II, c. . . . 3 . . . . 47
The Genesee Chief . . . . 48
Lynch v. McFarland . . . . 54
Notes . . . . 58
Problem 4 . . . . 59
3. Vessels . . . . 59
Evansville & Bowling Green Packet Co. v. Chero Cola Bottling Co. . . . . 59
Keys Jet Ski, Inc. v. Kays . . . . 61
Notes . . . . 62
Problem 5 . . . . 62
C. Subject Matters . . . . 63
1. Contracts . . . . 63
a. The Nature of Certain Maritime Contracts . . . . 63
DeLovio v. Boit . . . . 63
North Pac. S.S. Co. v. Hall Bros. Marine Ry. & Shipbuilding Co. . . . . 64
Kossick v. United Fruit Co. . . . . 67
Notes . . . . 70
Problem 6 . . . . 71
b. Preliminary, Collateral, and Mixed Contracts . . . . 71
Shipping Financial Services Corp. v. Drakos . . . . 71
Inbesa America, Inc. v. M/V Anglia . . . . 76
Notes . . . . 79
Problem 7 . . . . 80
2. Torts . . . . 80
The Admiral Peoples . . . . 80
Gutierrez v. Waterman S.S. Co. . . . . 82
Jerome B. Grubart, Inc. v. Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Co. . . . . 83
H2O Houseboat Vacations Inc. v. Hernandez . . . . 99
McClenahan v. Paradise Cruises, Ltd. . . . . 101
Notes . . . . 104
Problem 8 . . . . 106
D. Admiralty Jurisdiction and Federalism . . . . 107
The Hine . . . . 107
C.J. Hendry Co. v. Moore . . . . 109
Pino v. Protection Maritime Ins. Co. . . . . 112
In re Chimenti . . . . 114
Notes . . . . 117
Problem 9 . . . . 118
E. Sources of Substantive Maritime Law . . . . 118
1. The General Maritime Law and Federal Preemption . . . . 118
R.M.S. Titanic, Inc. v. Haver . . . . 118
Norfolk Shipbuilding & Drydock Corp. v. Garris . . . . 122
Notes . . . . 127
Problem 10 . . . . 129
2. Uniformity, "Reverse Erie," and Delegation . . . . 129
Southern Pacific Co. v. Jensen . . . . 129
American Dredging Co. v. Miller . . . . 133
Milstead v. Diamond M Offshore, Inc. . . . . 144
Pacific Merchant Shipping Ass'n v. Aubry . . . . 148
Notes . . . . 153
Problem 11 . . . . 154
Chapter 3. PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE . . . . 155
A. Overview . . . . 155
B. Mechanisms . . . . 156
1. In Personam Process . . . . 156
World Tanker Carriers Corp. v. M/V Ya Mawlaya . . . . 156
Egan Marine Contracting Co. v. South Sea Shipping Corp. . . . . 162
Notes . . . . 165
Problem 12 . . . . 165
2. In Rem Arrests . . . . 165
USL Capital v. New York 30 . . . . 165
United States v. Freights, Etc. of the Mount Shasta . . . . 170
Notes . . . . 172
Problem 13 . . . . 173
3. Quasi-in-Rem Attachments . . . . 174
Heidmar, Inc. v. Anomina Ravennate Di Armamento Sp.A. of Ravenna . . . . 174
Royal Swan Navigation Co. v. Global Container Lines, Ltd . . . . 178
Notes . . . . 184
Problem 14 . . . . 185
C. Complications . . . . 185
1. Jury Trials . . . . 185
Fitzgerald v. United States Lines Co. . . . . 185
Vodusek v. Bayliner Marine Corp. . . . . 187
Notes . . . . 190
Problem 15 . . . . 191
2. Venue, Forum Non Conveniens, and Choice of Law . . . . 191
Bailiff v. Storm Drilling Co. . . . . 191
Warn v. M/Y Maridome . . . . 194
Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc. v. Shute . . . . 199
Notes . . . . 204
Problem 16 . . . . 204
3. Sovereign Immunity . . . . 205
California v. Deep Sea Research, Inc . . . . 205
United States v. United Continental Tuna Corp. . . . . 209
Earles v. United States . . . . 213
Entron, Ltd. v. Crane Vessel Titan 5 . . . . 216
Notes . . . . 217
Problem 17 . . . . 219
Chapter 4. SHIP FINANCING . . . . 221
A. Overview . . . . 221
B. Ship Mortgages and Maritime Liens . . . . 221
1. Characteristics . . . . 221
Lynn B. Squires, Statutory Liens on Vessels in Washington: When Does State Law Govern Liens on Blackship? . . . . 221
David Weil, Charting a Course Through Dangerous Waters: A Landlubber's Introduction to the Rules of Maritime Indebtedness in the Context of a Maritime Bankruptcy . . . . 223
Josi Marma Alcantara, A Short Primer on the International Convention on Maritime Liens and
Mortgages, 1993 . . . . 230
Notes . . . . 238
Problem 18 . . . . 241
2. Creation . . . . 241
Liverpool and London S.S. Protection & Indem. Ass'n Ltd. v. Queen of Leman M/V . . . . 241
In re Container Applications International, Inc. . . . . 245
Gulf Marine and Industrial Supplies, Inc. v. Golden Prince M/V . . . . 250
Notes . . . . 253
Problem 19 . . . . 255
3. Priorities . . . . 255
Bank of America N.A. v. Pacific Lady . . . . 255
Associated Metals and Minerals Corp. v. Alexander's Unity MV . . . . 256
A. Coker & Company v. National Shipping Agency Corporation . . . . 263
Notes . . . . 266
Problem 20 . . . . 267
4. Discharge . . . . 268
Smit Americas, Inc. v. M/T Hobby . . . . 268
Thorsteinsson v. M/V Drangur . . . . 274
Gowen, Inc. v. F/V Quality One . . . . 280
Notes . . . . 283
Problem 21 . . . . 285
C. Maritime Bankruptcies . . . . 286
Morgan Guaranty Trust Co. of New York v. Hellenic Lines Ltd. . . . . 286
Cunard Steamship Company v. Salen Reefer Services AB . . . . 293
Notes . . . . 296
Problem 22 . . . . 297
Chapter 5. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY . . . . 299
A. Overview . . . . 299
B. Availability . . . . 299
In re Complaint of Shell Oil Co. . . . . 299
Complaint of Ta Chi Navigation (Panama) Corp. S.A. . . . . 302
Crown Zellerbach Corp. v. Ingram Industries, Inc. . . . . 310
Notes . . . . 315
Problem 23 . . . . 317
C. Privity or Knowledge . . . . 317
In re Muer . . . . 317
In re Hellenic Inc. . . . . 319
Notes . . . . 323
Problem 24 . . . . 324
D. Claims . . . . 325
Mediterranean Shipping Co. S.A. Geneva v. POL-Atlantic . . . . 325
In re Transporter Marine, Inc. . . . . 329
Notes . . . . 332
Problem 25 . . . . 333
E. Procedure . . . . 333
Esta Later Charters, Inc. v. Ignacio . . . . 333
Lewis v. Lewis & Clark Marine, Inc. . . . . 338
Notes . . . . 345
Problem 26 . . . . 347
Chapter 6. MARINE INSURANCE . . . . 349
A. Overview . . . . 349
B. Governing Law . . . . 349
New England Mut. Marine Insurance Co. v. Dunham . . . . 349
Wilburn Boat Co. v. Fireman's Fund Ins. Co. . . . . 353
Notes . . . . 363
Problem 27 . . . . 364
C. Coverage . . . . 365
Albany Insurance Co. v. Anh Thi Kieu . . . . 365
Saskatchewan Government Ins. Office v. Spot Pack, Inc. . . . . 369
Peters v. Firemen's Insurance Co. . . . . 373
Notes . . . . 376
Problem 28 . . . . 378
Chapter 7. CHARTER PARTIES . . . . 379
A. Overview . . . . 379
B. Types . . . . 379
Walker v. Braus . . . . 379
Bay Casino, LLC v. M/V Royal Empress . . . . 383
Notes . . . . 388
Problem 29 . . . . 389
C. Formation . . . . 390
Mercator Line, Inc. v. Witte Chase Corp. . . . . 390
Andino Chemical Shipping Co. v. Aectra Refining & Marketing . . . . 393
Notes . . . . 397
Problem 30 . . . . 399
D. Performance . . . . 399
Orient Shipping Rotterdam B.V. v. Hugo Neu & Sons, Inc. . . . . 399
Finora Co. v. Amitie Shipping, Ltd. . . . . 404
Notes . . . . 407
Problem 31 . . . . 410
E. Termination . . . . 410
Reefer and General Shipping Co. v. Great White Fleet, Ltd. . . . . 410
Wong Wing Fai Co., S.A. v. United States . . . . 417
Notes . . . . 422
Problem 32 . . . . 422
F. Arbitration of Disputes . . . . 423
Thyssen, Inc. v. M/V Markos N . . . . 423
Carina International Shipping Corp. v. Adam Maritime Corp. . . . . 432
Notes . . . . 441
Problem 33 . . . . 442
Chapter 8. CARRIAGE OF GOODS . . . . 443
A. Overview . . . . 443
B. The Harter Act . . . . 444
Joseph C. Sweeney, Happy Birthday, Harter: A Reappraisal of the Harter Act on Its 100th Anniversary . . . . 444
Knott v. Botany Worsted Mills . . . . 445
Notes . . . . 448
Problem 34 . . . . 449
C. The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act . . . . 449
James A. Quinby, Them Damaged Cargo Blues . . . . 449
United States v. Ocean Bulk Ships, Inc. . . . . 450
Groupe Chegaray/V. De Chalus v. P&O Containers . . . . 459
Norfolk Southern Railway Co. v. James N. Kirby, PTY Ltd. . . . . 466
Notes . . . . 473
Problem 35 . . . . 476
D. The Visby Amendments, the Hamburg Rules, and the Future
of Common Carriage . . . . 477
Eun Sup Lee, The Changing Liability System of Sea Carriers and Maritime Insurance: Focusing on the Enforcement of the Hamburg Rules . . . . 477
William Tetley, The Proposed New United States Senate COGSA: The Disintegration of Uniform International Carriage of Goods by Sea Law . . . . 480
Michael F. Sturley, The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law's Transport Law Project: An Interim View of a Work in Progress . . . . 482
Notes . . . . 486
Problem 36 . . . . 487
Chapter 9. TOWAGE . . . . 489
A. Overview . . . . 489
B. Nature of the Relationship . . . . 489
Stevens v. The White City . . . . 489
Lone Star Industries, Inc. v. Mays Towing Co. . . . . 491
A.S. Wikstrom, Inc. v. Tug Julia C. Moran . . . . . . . . 496
Notes . . . . 497
Problem 37 . . . . 500
C. Exculpatory Clauses . . . . 500
Bisso v. Inland Waterways Corp. . . . . 500
M/S Bremen v. Zapata Off-Shore Co. . . . . 505
Notes . . . . 510
Problem 38 . . . . 513
Chapter 10. PILOTAGE . . . . 515
A. Overview . . . . 515
B. Regulation . . . . 515
Kotch v. Board of River Port Pilot Commissioners for Port of New Orleans . . . . 515
Schoenlank v. Kurz-Moran Shipping Agency . . . . 519
Interport Pilots Agency, Inc. v. Sammis . . . . 522
Notes . . . . 530
Problem 39 . . . . 531
C. Liability . . . . 532
Amoco Oil v. M/V Montclair . . . . 532
Texaco Trinidad, Inc. v. Afran Transport Co. . . . . 534
Guy v. Donald . . . . 541
Evans v. United Arab Shipping Co. S.A.G. . . . . 544
Notes . . . . 551
Problem 40 . . . . 552
Chapter 11. COLLISIONS . . . . 553
A. Overview . . . . 553
B. Fault . . . . 553
The Clara . . . . 553
The Jumna . . . . 554
Warrior & Gulf Navigation Co. v. United States . . . . 556
Notes . . . . 559
Problem 41 . . . . 560
C. Rules of the Road . . . . 561
A. P. Herbert, Rumpelheimer v. Haddock: Port to Port . . . . 561
Marine Transport Lines, Inc. v. M/V Tako Invader . . . . 564
Trico Marine Assets Inc. v. Diamond "B" Marine Services, Inc. . . . . 569
Canal Barge Company, Inc. v. China Ocean Shipping Co. . . . . 573
Notes . . . . 577
Problem 42 . . . . 578
D. Presumptions . . . . 578
Wardell v. Department of Transportation . . . . 578
The Pennsylvania . . . . 581
Notes . . . . 583
Problem 43 . . . . 584
E. Damages . . . . 584
United States v. Reliable Transfer Co. . . . . 584
Exxon Co., U.S.A. v. Sofec, Inc. . . . . 588
Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. Southern Pac. Co. . . . . 592
Notes . . . . 594
Problem 44 . . . . 596
Chapter 12. SALVAGE . . . . 597
A. Overview . . . . 597
B. Property . . . . 597
Provost v. Huber . . . . 597
Peninsular & Oriental Steam Nav. Co. v. Overseas Oil Carriers, Inc. . . . . 599
Notes . . . . 605
Problem 45 . . . . 606
C. Requisites . . . . 606
1. Marine Peril . . . . 606
B.V. Bureau Wijsmuller v. United States . . . . 606
Treasure Salvors, Inc. v. Unidentified Wrecked and Abandoned Sailing Vessel . . . . 611
Notes . . . . 612
Problem 46 . . . . 613
2. Voluntariness . . . . 613
The Tashmoo . . . . 613
Nicholas E. Vernicos Shipping Co. v. United States . . . . 617
Notes . . . . 620
Problem 47 . . . . 620
3. Success . . . . 621
The Annie Lord . . . . 621
Saint Paul Marine Transp. Corp. v. Cerro Sales Corp. . . . . 623
Notes . . . . 629
Problem 48 . . . . 630
D. Awards . . . . 630
Margate Shipping Co. v. M/V Ja Orgeron . . . . 630
Trico Marine Operators, Inc. v. Dow Chemical Co. . . . . 638
Falgout Brothers, Inc. v. S/V Pangaea . . . . 641
Notes . . . . 643
Problem 49 . . . . 644
E. Disqualification . . . . 644
Tidewater Salvage, Inc. v. Weyerhaeuser Co. . . . . 644
Cromwell v. The Island City . . . . 646
Notes . . . . 648
Problem 50 . . . . 649
F. Contractual Arrangements . . . . 649
The Elfrida . . . . 649
Evanow v. M/V Neptune . . . . 653
Jones v. Sea Tow Services Freeport NY Inc. . . . . 657
Notes . . . . 663
Problem 51 . . . . 664
Chapter 13. GENERAL AVERAGE . . . . 665
A. Overview . . . . 665
B. Mechanics . . . . 665
Eagle Terminal Tankers, Inc. v. Insurance Company of U.S.S.R. (Ingosstrakh), Ltd. . . . . 665
Navigazione Generale Italiana v. Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc. . . . . 671
Notes . . . . 674
Problem 52 . . . . 676
C. Voluntary Sacrifice . . . . 676
Ralli v. Troop . . . . 676
Barnard v. Adams . . . . 680
Notes . . . . 683
Problem 53 . . . . 684
D. The Jason Clause . . . . 685
The Jason . . . . 685
Deutsche Shell Tanker Gesellschaft MBH v. Placid Refining Co. . . . . 690
Notes . . . . 695
Problem 54 . . . . 696
Chapter 14. MARINE POLLUTION . . . . 697
A. Overview . . . . 697
B. Domestic Law . . . . 698
Huron Portland Cement Company v. City of Detroit . . . . 698
Askew v. American Waterways Operators, Inc. . . . . 702
Ray v. Atlantic Richfield Co. . . . . 707
United States v. Locke . . . . 712
In re the Exxon Valdez . . . . 722
Notes . . . . 742
Problem 55 . . . . 744
C. International Law . . . . 745
Matter of Oil Spill by Amoco Cadiz Off Coast of France on March 16, 1978 . . . . 745
Landcatch Ltd. v. International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund . . . . 749
Notes . . . . 756
Problem 56 . . . . 758
Chapter 15. PERSONAL INJURY AND WRONGFUL DEATH . . . . 759
A. Overview . . . . 759
B. Seafarers . . . . 760
1. "Seaman Status" . . . . 760
Chandris, Inc. v. Latsis . . . . 760
Carter v. Bisso Marine Co. . . . . 769
Notes . . . . 772
Problem 57 . . . . 773
2. Maintenance and Cure . . . . 773
Warren v. United States . . . . 773
Farrell v. United States . . . . 776
Notes . . . . 781
Problem 58 . . . . 783
3. Tort Remedies . . . . 784
Mitchell v. Trawler Race, Inc. . . . . 784
Ferguson v. Moore-McCormack Lines, Inc. . . . . 793
Kernan v. American Dredging Co. . . . . 795
Gautreaux v. Scurlock Marine, Inc. . . . . 800
Notes . . . . 804
Problem 59 . . . . 806
C. Longshore and Harbor Workers . . . . 807
Maher Terminals, Inc. v. Director, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs . . . . 807
Pledger v. Phil Guilbeau Offshore, Inc. . . . . 814
In re TPT Transportation . . . . 819
Notes . . . . 823
Problem 60 . . . . 826
D. Non-Seafarers . . . . 826
Kermarec v. Compagnie Generale Transatlantique . . . . 826
Carlisle v. Carnival Corporation . . . . 829
Cutchin v. Habitat Curacao . . . . 835
Notes . . . . 837
Problem 61 . . . . 838
E. Wrongful Death . . . . 839
Moragne v. States Marine Lines, Inc. . . . . 839
Miles v. Apex Marine Corporation . . . . 847
Yamaha Motor Corporation, U.S.A. v. Calhoun . . . . 852
Notes . . . . 854
Problem 62 . . . . 856
Appendix . . . . 857
Table of Cases . . . . TC-1
Index . . . . I-1
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