PREFACE xxv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxvii
TABLE OF CASES xxix
PART 1. RESOLVING DISPUTES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
CHAPTER 1: AN OVERVIEW OF DISPUTE RESOLUTION 3
A. Introduction 3
B. The Dispute Settlement Continuum 4
1. Chart adapted from E. Wendy Trachte, NEGOTIATION:
STRATEGIES FOR LAW & BUSINESS 9 (1994) 4
2. Comments and Questions 5
C. The Modern ADR Movement: Alternative to What? 5
1. Comments and Questions 5
2. William Twining, Alternatives to What: Theories of
Litigation, Procedure and Dispute Settlement in
Anglo-American jurisprudence: Some Neglected Classics,
56 MOD. L. REV. 380, 380-83 (1993) 6
D. Thinking About the Alternatives 8
1 . Comments and Questions 8
2. Frank E.A. Sander, Alternative Methods of Dispute
Resolution: An Overview, 37 FLA. L. REV. 1 (1985) 9
3. Harry T. Edwards, Alternative Dispute Resolution:
Panacea or Anathema?, 99 HARV. L. REV. 668 (1986) 20
4. Jethro K. Lieberman & James F. Henry, Lessons
From the Alternative Dispute Resolution Movement, 53 U.
CHI. L. REV. 424, 424-32 (1986) 26
CHAPTER 2: COMMUNICATIONS: THEORY AND PRACTICE 29
A. Introduction 29
B. Effective Communication 31
1. Eastwood Atwater, I HEAR YOU 1-3, 65-74 (1992) 31
2. David A. Binder, Paul Bergman & Susan C. Price,
LAWYERS AS COUNSELORS 35-44 (1991) 33
3. Comments and Questions 40
4. Kathleen Kelley Reardon, THEY DON'T GET IT, DO THEY?
COMMUNICATION IN THE WORKPLACE--CLOSING THE GAP BETWEEN MEN
AND WOMEN 40-45 (1995) 40
C. Eliciting Information: Questions 42
1. David A. Binder, Paul Bergman & Susan C. Price,
LAWYERS AS COUNSELORS 69-81, 237-56 (1991) 42
D. Context of Communications 58
1. Discussion 59
2. Franz Lieber, LEGAL AND POLITICAL HERMENEUTICS 17-19
(3d ed. 1880) 59
3. Frigaliment Importing Co. v. B. N. S. International
Sales Co., 190 F. Supp. 116 (S.D.N.Y 1960) 60
4. Comments and Questions 64
E. The Management of Impressions 64
1. William Sansom, A CONTEST OF LADIES 230-32 (Hogarth
1956) 65
2. Comments and Questions 66
3. Jean Paul Sartre, BEING AND NOTHINGNESS 59 (1956) 67
4. Comments and Questions 67
5. Erving Goffman, THE PRESENTATION OF SELF IN EVERYDAY
LIFE 1-8 (1959) 68
F. Summary 69
CHAPTER 3: THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO DISPUTES AND
DISPUTING 71
A. Introduction 72
B. Competition and Cooperation 73
1. Comments and Questions 73
2. Adam Smith, AN INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE AND CAUSES OF
THE WEALTH OF NATIONS 118-19 (1776) (Penguin 1986) 73
3. Garrett Hardin, The Tragedy of the Commons, 162
SCIENCE 1243, 1244 (1968) 74
4. The Prisoner's Dilemma 75
5. Comments and Questions 76
C. Economics and Game Theory 77
1. Comments and Questions 77
2. Steven Shavell, Alternative Dispute Resolution: An
Economic Analysis, 24 J. LEGAL STUD. 1 (1995) 77
3. Comments and Questions 87
4. H. Scott Bierman & Luis Fernandez, GAME THEORY WITH
ECONOMIC APPLICATIONS 68-70 (1993) 88
5. Howard Raiffa, THE ART AND SCIENCE OF NEGOTIATION 52-54
(1982) 89
D. Agency Theory 90
1. Comments and Questions 90
2. Ronald J. Gilson & Robert H. Mnookin, Disputing
Through Agents: Cooperation and Conflict Between Lawyers in
Litigation, 94 COLUM. L. REV. 509 (1994) 91
E. Learning Theory and Psychology 106
1. Lyonel Festinger, AN INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE 1-6, 261-67 (1957) 106
2. Comments and Questions 107
3. Barry M. Staw, The Escalation of Commitment to a
Course of Action, ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Oct.
1981, at 577 108
4. Phyllis Beck Kritek, NEGOTIATING AT AN UNEVEN TABLE:
DEVELOPING MORAL COURAGE IN RESOLVING OUR CONFLICTS 55-64
(1994) 113
5. Cognitive Barriers and Reactive Devaluation 117
F. Anthropology 117
1. Sally Engle Merry, Disputing Without Culture [Review
of Stephen B. Goldberg, Eric D. Green & Frank E.A.
Sander, DISPUTE RESOLUTION (1985)], 100 HARV. L. REV. 2057
(1987) 117
2. Laura Nader, Controlling Processes in the Practice
of Law: Hierachy and Pacification in the Movement to Re-Form
Dispute Ideoalogy, 9 OHIO ST. J. ON DISP. RESOL. 1
(1993) 125
3. Carrie Menkel-Meadow, The Many Ways of Mediation:
The Transformation of Traditions, Ideoalogies, Paradigms, and
Practices, 1995 NEGOTIATION J. 217, 233 132
4. Comments and Questions 132
5. William Twining, Alternative to What: Theories of
Litigation, Procedure and Dispute Settlement in
Anglo-American Jurisprudence: Some Neglected Classics, 56
MOD. L. REV. 380, 385-87 (1993) 133
6. Comments and Questions 134
7. Karl N. Llewellyn & E. Adamson Hoebel, THE CHEYENNE
WAY 20-22 (1941) 135
PART II. NEGOTIATION
CHAPTER 4: THE NEGOTIATION PROCESS 139
A. Introduction 140
B. Models of Negotiations 140
1. Comments and Questions 140
2. P.H. Gulliver, DISPUTES AND NEGOTIATIONS: A
CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE xiii-xv 79-80 (1979) 140
3. John S. Murray, Understanding Competing Theories of
Negotiation, 1986 NEGOTIATION J. 179, 179-82 143
4. Comments and Questions 144
5. Carrie Menkel-Meadow, Toward Another View of Legal
Negotiation: The Structure of Problem Solving, 31 UCLA
L. REV. 754, 760-62 (1984) 145
C. The Negotiation Environment 145
1. David A. Lax & James K. Sebenius, THE MANAGER AS
NEGOTIATOR 339 (1986) 145
2. Comments and Questions 146
3. Robert H. Mnookin & Lewis Kornhauser, Bargaining
in the Shadow of the Law: The Case of Divorce, 88 YALE
L.J. 950 (1979) 146
D. Strategies for Successful Negotiation 162
1. David A. Lax & James K. Sebenius, Interests:
The Measure of Negotiation, 2 NEGOTIATION J. 73 (1986)
162
2. Donald G. Gifford, A Context-Based Theory of
Strategy Selection in Legal Negotiation, 46 OHIO ST.
L.J. 41, 45-58 (1985) 164
E. The Search for "Win-Win" Solutions 171
1. Comments and Questions 171
2. Adam Smith, AN INQUIRY INTO THE NATURE AND CAUSES OF
THE WEALTH OF NATIONS 4-5 (1776) (Penguin 1986) 172
3. David A. Lax & James K. Sebenius, THE MANAGER AS
NEGOTIATOR (1986) 172
4. James J. White, Review Essay: The Pros and Cons of
"Getting to YES" by Roger Fisher & William Ury,
31 J. LEGAL EDUC. 115 (1981) 173
5. Roger Fisher, Comment on James White's Review of
"Getting to YES," 31 J. LEGAL EDUC. 128 (1981)
176
F Barriers to Settlement 180
1. Comments and Questions 180
2. Robert H. Mnookin, Why Negotiations Fail: An
Exploration of Barriers to the Resolution of Conflict, 8
OHIO ST. J. ON DISP. RESOL. 235 (1993) 180
G. Women as Negotiators 186
1. Comments and Questions 186
2. Charles B. Craver, The Impact of Gender on Clinical
Negotiating Achievement, 6 OHIO ST. J. ON DISP. RESOL. 1
(1990) 187
CHATTER 5: TRANS-NATIONAL AND CROSS-CULTURAL
PERSPECTIVES 197
A. Introduction 197
B. Dispute Settlement Among Closely Knit Groups 198
1. Comments and Questions 198
2. Jerold Auerbach, JUSTICE WITHOUT LAW? 3 (1981) 199
3. Diane LeResche, A Comparison of the American
Mediation Process with a Korean-American Harmony Restoration
Process, 9 MEDIATION Q. 323 (1992) 199
C. Prejudice and ADR Processes 209
1. Richard Delgado, et al., Fairness and Formality:
Minimizing the Risk of Prejudice in Alternative Dispute
Resolution, 1985 WIS. L. REV. 1359, 1387-1404 209
2. Comments and Questions 216
D. Dispute Settlement Among Native Americans 217
1. Comments and Questions 217
2. Robert Yazzie, Traditional Navajo Dispute
Resolution in the Navajo Peacemaker Court, NIDR Forum,
Spring 1995, at 4 218
E. Negotiating in Japan: A Primer for Americans 228
1. Comments and Questions 228
2. Glen Fisher, INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATION: A
CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE (1980) 229
3. Dean Allen Foster, BARGAINING ACROSS BORDERS: HOW TO
NEGOTIATE BUSINESS SUCCESSFULLY ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD, 264-93
(1992) 230
4. Robert M. March, THE JAPANESE NEGOTIATOR: SUBTLETY AND
STRATEGY BEYOND WESTERN LOGIC 15-17 (1990) 231
5. Sanjyot P. Dunung, DOING BUSINESS IN ASIA: THE COMPLETE
GUIDE 1-50 (1995) 232
6. Bove Lafayette DeMente, HOW TO DO BUSINESS WITH THE
JAPANESE: A COMPLETE GUIDE TO JAPANESE CUSTOMS AND BUSINESS
PRACTICES 6-8, 47-49, 57-58 (1993) 233
7. Philip R. Harris & Robert T. Moran, MANAGING
CULTURAL DIFFERENCE 393-405 (1991) 235
F. Pricing Services: A Cross-Cultural Exercise 235
1. Shaiva Naipaul, NORTH OF SOUTH: AN AFRICAN JOURNEY
47-52 (1978) 235
2. Comments and Questions 237
CHAPTER 6: NEGOTIATION APPLICATIONS 239
A. Introduction 239
B. Settlement of Business Disputes 239
1. Arthur Allen Leff, Injury, Ignorance and Spite: The
Dynamics of Coercive Collection, 80 YALE L.J. 1, 25-26
(1970) 239
2. Comments and Questions 241
3. E. Wendy Trachte, NEGOTIATION: STRATEGIES FOR LAW &
BUSINESS 80-84 (1994) 242
C. Negotiation of Criminal Charges: Plea Bargaining 246
1. Comments and Questions 246
2. Abraham S. Blumberg, The Practice of Law as a
Confidence Game, 1 L. & SOC'Y REV. 15, 18-31 (1967)
247
3. Donald G. Gifford, A Context-Based Theory of
Strategy Selection, 46 OHIO ST. L.J. 41, 73-82 (1985)
253
D. Negotiations Within Legislative Bodies 259
1. Tom Melling, Dispute Resolution Within Legislative
Institutions, 46 STAN. L. REV. 1677 (1994) 259
2. Comments and Questions 266
E. Rulemaking 266
1. Stephen K. Huber, The Negotiated Rulemaking Act of
1990 (1996) 266
2. David M. Pritzker, The Blossoming of Reg-Neg, NIDR
NEWS, Aug. 1995, at 6 268
3. Comments and Questions 270
PART III: MEDIATION
CHAPTER 7: THE MEDIATION PROCESS 273
A. Introduction 274
B. Reflections on Mediation in Modern America 275
1. Lon L. Fuller, Mediation--Its Forms and Functions,
44 S. CAL. L. REV. 305 (1970) 275
2. Robert A. Baruch Bush & Joseph P. Folger, THE
PROMISE OF MEDIATION: RESPONDING TO CONFLICT THROUGH
EMPOWERMENT AND RECOGNITION 15-27 (1994) 286
3. James J. Alfini, Trashing, Bashing, and Hashing It
Out: Is this the End of "Good Mediation"?, 19
FLA. ST. U. L. REV. 47,66-73 (1991) 291
C. Basics of the Mediation Process 292
1. Christopher W. Moore, MEDIATION 1-7, 10-16 (U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers 1991) (IWR Pamphlet 91-ADR-P-3) 292
2. Eric Calton, REPRESENTING CLIENTS IN MEDIATION 25-53
(1995) 300
3. James P, Groton, Getting the Mediation Process
Started, in ADR: A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO RESOLVE
CONSTRUCTION DISPUTES 77-86 (Alan E. Harris, Charles M. Sink
& Randall W Wulff eds., 1994) 313
D. Strategies for Success in Mediation 317
1. Eric Galton, REPRESENTING CLIENTS IN MEDIATION 69-72
(1994) 317
2. Stephen P. Morrell & William Baker, Succeeding
in Mediation, in ADR: A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO RESOLVE
CONSTRUCTION DISPUTES 101-14 (Alan E. Harris, Charles M. Sink
& Randall W. Wulff eds., 1994) 319
3. Tom Arnold, Twenty Common Errors in Mediation
Advocacy, ADR TODAY, Spring 1995, at 2 327
4. Eileen Miggins Hohlt, EFFECTIVE USE OF CAUCUS (1993)
333
5. Kimberlee K. Kovach, MEDIATION: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE
108-10 (1994) 335
E. Impasse--And What to Do About It 335
1. Christopher W. Moore, Techniques to Break Impasse,
in DIVORCE MEDIATION 251-75 (Jay Folberg & Ann Milne
eds., 1988) 335
2. Eric Galton, REPRESENTING CLIENTS IN MEDIATION 104-12
(1995) 348
F. Mediation as Healing/Therapy and Empowerment 351
1. Comments and Questions 351
2. Lois Gold, Influencing Unconscious Influences: The
Healing Dimension of Mediation, 11 MEDIATION Q. 55
(1993) 351
3. Robert A. Baruch Bush, Efficiency and Protection,
or Empowerment and Recognition?: The Mediator's Role and
Ethical Standards in Mediation, 41 FLA. L. REV. 253,
267-86 (1989) 359
G. Closing Considerations 367
1. Eric R. Galton, MEDIATION CHECKLIST (1995) 367
2. Recent Developments in the States 374
CHAPTER 8: FAMILY AND DIVORCE MEDIATION 377
A. Introduction 377
B. How Family Mediation Works 378
1. Phyllis Gangel-Jacob, Some Words of Caution About
Divorce Mediation, 23 HOFSTRA L. REV. 825 (1995) 378
2. Comments and Questions 379
3. John M. Haynes, THE FUNDAMENTALS OF FAMILY MEDIATION
(1994) 379
4 Alison Taylor, A General Theory of Divorce
Mediation, in DIVORCE MEDIATION 61-82 (Jay Folberg & Ann
Milne eds., 1988) 379
C. Are Women Disadvantaged in Family Mediation 393
1. Trina Grillo, The Mediation Alternative: Process
Dangers For Women, 100 YALE L.J. 1545 (1991) 393
2. Comments and Questions 410
3. Joshua D. Rosenberg, In Defense of Mediation, 33
ARIZ. L. REV. 467 (1991) 410
4. Anne Field, Divorce Mediation and Other (Cheap)
Ways to Split, COSMPOLITAN, Aug. 1995, at 136 422
5. Comments and Questions 425
D. Lawyer Participation in Divorce Mediation 425
1. Comments and Questions 425
2. Craig A. McEwen, Nancy H. Rogers & Richard J.
Maiman, Bring In the Lawyers: Challenging the Dominant
Approaches to Ensuring Fairness in Divorce Mediation, 79
MINN. L. REV. 1317 (1995) 425
CHAPTER 9: MEDIATION APPLICATIONS 445
A. Introduction 446
B. Mediation of Bioethical Disputes 446
1. Comments and Questions 446
2. Nancy N. Dubler & Leonard J. Marcus, MEDIATING
BIOETHICAL DISPUTES 33-58 (1994) (United Hospital Fund of New
York) 447
C. Victim-Offender Mediation 454
1. Jennifer Gerarda Brown, The Use of Mediation to
Resolve Criminal Cases: A Procedural Critique, 43 EMORY
L.J. 1247, 1248-66, 1308-09 (1994) 454
2. Mark S. Umbright, MEDIATING INTERPERSONAL CONFLICTS: A
PATHWAY TO PEACE 135-63 (1995) 462
3. Comments and Questions 462
D. Farmer-Lender Mediation 463
1. Leonard L. Riskin, Two Concepts of
Mediation in the FmHA Partner-Lender Mediation Program, 45
ADMIN. L. REV. 21 (1993) 463
2. Comments and Questions 480
E. Commercial Disputes 481
1. American Arbitration Association, Mediation Rules for
Commercial Financial Disputes (1993) 481
2. Comments and Questions 484
F. Managers as Mediators 484
1. Paul F. Feiler, Mediation: Can Managers Effectively
Mediate Between Two Employees? 484
2. Comments and Questions 489
PART IV. RESOLVING DISPUTES--SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS
CHAPTER 10: HYBRIDS AND OTHER ADR PROCEDURES 493
A. Introduction 493
B. A Taxonomy of ADR Procedures 494
1. Comments and Questions 494
2. Tom Arnold, A VOCABULARY OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE
RESOLUTION PROCEDURES (1995) 494
C. Mediation and Arbitration Hybrids 504
1. Comments and Questions 504
2. Tom Arnold, A VOCABULARY OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE
RESOLUTION PROCEDURES (1995) 504
D. Mini-Trial 508
1. Jethro K. Lieberman & James F. Henry, Lessons
From the Alternative Dispute Resolution Movement, 53 U.
CHI. L. REV. 424, 427-29 (1986) 508
2. Tom Arnold, A VOCABULARY OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE
RESOLUTION PROCEDURES (1995) 509
3. Lester Edelman, et al., The Mini-Trial 1-6,
9-17 (U.S. Army Corps of Engineering 1989) (IWR Pamphlet
89-ADR-P-1) 511
4. CPR Institute for Dispute Resolution, CPR Minitrial
Model Procedure and Commentary (1995) 515
E. Ombudsman 521
1. Tom Arnold, A VOCABULARY OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE
RESOLUTION PROCEDURES (1995) 521
2. Mary B. Rowe, Options, Functions, and Skills: What
an Organizational Ombudsman Might Want to Know, 11
NEGOTIATION J. 103 (1995) 522
3. Comments and Questions 531
CHAPTER 11: COURT-ANNEXED ADR 533
A. Introduction 534
B. Early Neutral Evaluation 535
1. Comments and Questions 535
2. Tom Arnold, A VOCABULARY OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE
RESOLUTION PROCEDURES (1995) 535
3. Joshua D. Rosenberg & H. Jay Folberg, Alternative
Dispute Resolution: An Empirical Analysis, 46 STAN. L.
REV 1487 (1994) 536
C. Summary Jury Trial 550
1. Strandell v. Jackson County, 838 F.2d 884 (7th
Cir. 1988) 550
2. Comments and Questions 551
3. Cincinnati Gas and Electric Co. v. General Electric
Co., 854 F.2d 900 (6th Cir. 1988) 551
4. Neil Vidmar & Jeffrey Rice, Jury Deternined
Settlements, and Summary Jury Trials, 19 FLA. ST. U. L.
REV. 89, 95-103 (1991) 554
5. Lucille M. Ponte, Putting Mandatory Summary Jury
Trial Back on the Docket: Recommendations on the Exercise of
Judicial Authority, 63 FORDHAM L. REV. 1069 (1995) 558
6. Comments and Questions 560
D. Judicial Settlement Conference 561
1. Succeeding in Settlement Conferences 561
a. Comments and Questions 561
b. Wayne D. Brazil, Effective Lawyering in Judicially
Hosted Settlement Conferences, 1988 J. DISP. RESOL. 1,
22-31 561
2. In Person Appearance of Private Parties 571
a. G. Heileman Brewing Co., Inc. v. Joseph Oat Corp.,
871 F.2d 648 (7th Cir. 1989) (en banc) 571
b. Rule 16, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (1993
Version) 578
c. Comments and Questions 579
3. Settlement Authority of Government Representatives 580
a. In re Stone, 986 F.2d 898 (5th Cir. 1993) 580
b. Comments and Questions 584
E. Is There a Duty of Good Faith Participation in Mandatory
ADR? 585
1. Decker v. Lindsay, 824 S.W.2d 247 (Tex. Civ.
App. 1992) 585
2. Edward F. Sherman, Court-Mandated Alternative
Dispute Resolution: What Form, of Participation Should be
Required?, 46 SMU L. REV. 2079 (1993) 588
3. Comments and Questions 600
4. Kimberlee K. Kovach, Good Faith in
Mediation--Requested, Recommended, or Required? A New Ethic, 38
S. TEX. L. REV. 575 (1997) 602
CHAPTER 12: SETTLEMENT LAW AND POLICY 605
A. Introduction 606
B. The Great Settlement Debate 606
1. Owen M. Fiss, Against Settlement, 93 YALE L.J.
1073 (1984) 606
2. Comments and Questions 613
3. Andrew W. McThenia & Thomas L. Shaffer, For
Reconciliation, 94 YALE L.J. 1660 (1985) 614
4. Owen M. Fiss, Out of Eden 94 YALE L.J. 1669
(1985) 617
5. Jethro K. Lieberman & James F. Henry, Lessons
From the Alternative Dispute Resolution Movement, 53 U.
CHI. L. REV. 424, 432-35 (1986) 620
6. Marc Galanter & Mia Cahill, "Most Cases
Settle": Judicial Promotion and Regulation of
Settlement, 46 STAN. L. REV. 1339 (1994) 621
7. Judith Resnik, Many Doors? Closing Doors?
Alternative Dispute Resolution and Adjudication, 10 OHIO
ST. J. ON DISP. RESOL. 211 (1995) 624
8. Comments and Questions 633
C. Enforcement of Proffered Settlement Agreements 633
1. Comments and Questions 633
2. Ames v. Ames, 860 S.W.2d 590 (Tex. Civ. App.
1993) 634
3. Cary v. Cary, 894 S.W.2d 111 (Tex. Civ. App.
1995) 635
4. Padilla v. LaFrance, 907 S.W.2d 454 (Tex.
1995) 637
5. Comments and Questions 641
6. Texas Family Code Amendment 641
7. Comments and Questions 642
D. Discovery of ADR and Settlement Communications 642
1. Comments and Questions 642
2. National Labor Relations Board v. Macaluso, 618
F.2d 51 (9th Cir. 1980) 643
3. Eric D. Green, A Heretical View of the Mediation
Privilege, 2 OHIO ST. J. ON DISP. RESOL. 1 (1986) 646
4. Wayne D. Brazil, Protecting the Confidentiality of
Settlement Negotiations, 39 HASTINGS L.J. 955 (1988) 649
5. Kristina M. Kenvin, The Discoverability of
Settlement and ADR Communications: Federal Rule of Evidence
408 and Beyond, 12 REV. LITIG. 665 (1993) 658
E. ADR, Confidentiality, and Federal Administrative Law 660
1. Administrative Conference of the United States, Encouraging
Settlements by Protecting Mediator Confidentiality, Recommendation
88-11, 1 CFR _ 305.88-11 (1988) 660
2. Comments and Questions 664
3. Administrative Dispute Resolution Act of 1990, 5 USC
__ 571, 574 664
4. Comments and Questions 666
CHAPTER 13: PLANNING FOR AND AVOIDING DISPUTES:
SYSTEMS DESIGN 667
A. Introduction 668
B. Main Elements of an ADR System Design 669
1. E. Wendy Trachte-Huber, ADR SYSTEM DESIGN: THE
PRE-LITIGATION OPTION (THE ATTORNEY AS CONSULTANT) (1993) 669
2. Cathy A. Costantino & Christina Sickles Merchant,
DESIGNING CONFLICT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS--A GUIDE TO CREATING
PRODUCTIVE AND HEALTHY ORGANIZATIONS 19-32, 117-33 (1995) 671
3. William R. Potapehuk et al., Getting to the Table:
A Guide for Senior Managers (1990), U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers Working Paper No. 3 [IWR Working Paper
90-ADR-WP-31, Appendix A 679
4. Comments and Questions 683
C. Total Quality Management (TQM) 684
1. Comments and Questions 684
2. E. Wendy Trachte-Huber, ADR SYSTEM DESIGN: THE
PRE-LITIGATION OPTION (THE ATTORNEY AS CONSULTANT) (1993) 684
D. Labor-Management Relationships 685
1. Comments and Questions 685
2. Executive Order No. 12,871 (October 1, 1993) (President
Clinton), 58 Fed. Reg. 52,201 (1993) 685
3. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Partnership Councils:
Building Successful Labor-Managernent Relationships, IWR
Working Paper 94-ADR-WP-5 (1994) 687
4. William L. Bedman, Froin Litigation to ADR: Brown
& Root's Experience, 50 DISP. RESOL. J. at 8 (1995)
692
5. Mobility of Lawyers and Other Professionals 698
E. Partnering 698
1. Tom Arnold, A VOCABULARY OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE
RESOLUTION PROCEDURES (1995) 698
2. Lester Edelman, et al., Partnering 1-5, 7-10
17-20 (U.S. Army Corps of Engineering 1991) (INNIR Pamphlet
91-ADR-P-4) 699
3. Partnering Experiences: Oliver Lock and Dam Replacement
706
PART V. DISPUTE RESOLUTION PROFESSIONALS
CHAPTER 14: PROFESSIONALQUALIFICATIONS, PROFESSIONAL
LIABILITY 711
A. Introduction 711
B. Should Government Regulate Dispute Resolution
Professionals? 712
1. Typology of Approaches to Professional Regulation 712
a. Registration 712
b. Certification 713
c. Licensure 713
2. Walter Gellhorn, The Abuse of Occitpational
Licensure, 44 U. CHI. L. REV. 6 (1976) 713
3. Comments and Questions 720
4. Nancy H. Rogers & Craig A. McEwen, MEDIATION LAW,
POLICY & PRACTICE __ 11:04 to 11:07 (2d ed. 1994) 721
5. Comments and Questions 723
C. Qualifications for Neutrals 723
1. Alison Taylor, The Four Foundations of Family
Mediation: Implications for Training and Certification, 12
MEDIATION Q. 77 (1994) 723
2. Barbara Diamond, ADR Programs in Other States
(July 12, 1994) (Memo to the Structure and Finance
Subcommittee, State Bar of Massachusetts Standing Committee
on Dispute Resolution) 732
D. Liability for Professional Negligence: Malpractice 737
1. Nancy H. Rogers & Craig A. McEwen, MEDIATION LAW,
POLICY & PRACTICE _ 11.03 (2d ed. 1994) 737
2. Comments and Questions 739
E. Immunity from Suit by Association with Judicial Process 740
1. Btitz v. Economou, 438 U.S. 478 (1978) 740
2. Davis v. Scherer, 468 U.S. 183 (1984)
743
3. Comments and Questions 744
4. Howard v. Drapkin, 271 Cal. Rptr. 893 (Cal.
App. 1990) 744
5. Wagshal v. Foster, 28 F.3d 1249 (D.C. Cir.
1994), cert. denied, 115 S. Ct. 1314 (1995) 752
6. Nancy H. Rogers & Craig A. McEwen, MEDIATION LAW,
POLICY & PRACTICE _ 11.03, Mediator Immunity (2d ed.
1994) 754
CHAPTER 15: PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY: ETHICAL
ISSUES IN ADR 757
A. Introduction 758
B. Overview of Professional Responsibility Issues 758
1.Comments and Questions 758
2.Standards for All Neutrals 758
a. Ethical Standards of Professional Conduct for Members
of the Society of Professionals in Dispute Resolution [SPIDR]
(1987) 758
b. Draft Ethical Standards for Neutrals Providing ADR
Services to State Trial Courts in Massachusetts (1995) 761
3.Standards for Mediators 767
a. AAA/ABA/SPIDR, STANDARDS OF CONDUCT FOR MEDIATORS
(1994) 767
b. Robert B. Moberly, Ethical Standards For
Court-Appointed Mediators and Florida's Mandatory Mediation
Experiment, 21 FLA. ST. U. L. REV. 701 (1994) 770
c. National Association of Social Workers, STANDARDS OF
PRACTICE FOR SOCIAL WORK MEDIATORS 775
C. Puffing, Deception, and Lying in Negotiations 778
1. James J. White, Machiavelli and the Bar: Ethical
Limitations on Lying in Negotiation, 1980 AM. B. FOUND.
RES. J. 921 778
2. Walter W. Steele, Deceptive Negotiating and
High-Toned Morality, 39 VAND. L. REV. 1387 (1986) 786
3. Comments and Questions 792
4. Charles B. Craver, Negotiation Ethics: How to Be
Deceptive Without Being Dishonest/How to be Assertive Without
Being Offensive, 38 S. TEX. L. REV. 713 (1997) 792
D. Confidentiality 799
1. Comments and Questions 799
2. Kevin Gibson, Confidentiality in Mediation: A Moral
Reassessment, 1992 J. DISP. RESOL. 25 799
E. Seeking Business: Advertising and Solicitation 805
1. Comments and Questions 805
2. Richard C. Hile, Rules Regidating Advertisements
and Written Solicitation Communications: An Overview, 58
TEXAS BAR JOURNAL 595 (1995) 806
F. Professional Ethics and the Neutral Lawyer 808
1. Comments and Questions 808
2. Leonard L. Riskin, Toward New Standards for the
Neutral Lawyer in Mediation, 26 ARIZ. L. REV. 329 (1984)
808
3. Comments and Questions 819
4. Robert B. Moberly, Mediator Gag Rules: Is It
Ethical for Mediator to Evaluate or Advise?, 38
S. TEX. L. REV. 669 (1997) 819
INDEX 825
Worldwide
Leadership
