Jacobson v. Massachusetts - 197 U.S. 11, 25 S. Ct. 358 (1905)

Rule:

The police power of a state must be held to embrace, at least, such reasonable regulations established directly by legislative enactment as will protect the public health and the public safety. The mode or manner is within the discretion of the state, subject only to the condition that no rule prescribed by a state, nor any regulation adopted by a local governmental agency acting under the sanction of state legislation, shall contravene the Constitution of the United States. A local enactment or regulation must always yield in case of conflict with the exercise by the general government of any power it possesses under the Constitution, or with any right which that instrument gives or secures.

Facts:

Cities in Massachusetts could require that all residents be vaccinated, as authorized by a state statute.  This type of regulation was adopted by the city of Cambridge.

Issue:

In order to protect public health and safety, does the scope of the state’s police power include the authority to enact reasonable regulations to do so?

Answer:

Yes.

Conclusion:

In order to protect public health and safety, the scope of the state"s police power includes the authority to enact reasonable regulations to do so.  The Constitution secures liberty for every person within its jurisdiction, but does not give an absolute right for each person to be free from restraint at all times and in all circumstances.  Every person is required to be subject to various restraints for the common good.  The efforts by Cambridge to stamp out smallpox are substantially related to the protection of public health and safety.  There has been nothing to clearly justify the Court holding the statute to be unconstitutional.  Affirmed.