Petitioner Ray Will filed Michigan state-court suits under 42 U. S. C. § 1983 alleging that respondents, the Department of State Police and the Director of State Police in his official capacity, had denied him a promotion for an improper reason....

Mesa, a United States Border Patrol agent standing on United States soil shot and killed Hernandez, a Mexican national standing on Mexican soil. Petitioners—Hernández’s parents—brought claims against Mesa for damages, alleging...

Dr. Stone, a physician, received a package from Japan containing pessaries for the purpose of trying them in her practice and giving her opinion as to their usefulness for contraceptive purposes. Dr. Stone testified that she was prescribing the use of...

LabMD, a now-defunct medical laboratory that previously conducted diagnostic testing for cancer, was subject to data-security regulations issued under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) given the nature of its work...

In 2011, police officers arrested four men suspected of robbing a series of Radio Shack and T-Mobile stores in Detroit. One of the men confessed that, over the previous four months, the group (along with a rotating cast of getaway drivers and lookouts...

The appellee ("buyer") in a merger paid $40 million up-front to former stockholders of Cyveillance, Inc., (“Cyveillance”) and promised to pay up to another $40 million if Cyveillance's revenues reached a certain level. Section...

The debtor in this case is Franchise Services of North America ("FSNA")—once one of the largest car rental companies in North America. Among FSNA's competitors is the Hertz Corporation. In 2012, the Hertz Corporation was trying to...

Daniel R. Wade, while an inmate in a state reformatory for youthful first offenders, was harassed, beaten and sexually assaulted by his cellmates. Wade brought suit under 42 USCS 1983 against William Smith and other guards at the reformatory and correctional...

A county commission brought an action against state officials seeking to enjoin the state from implementing a congressional redistricting plan which allegedly violated the one person, one vote standard required by U.S. Const. art. I, § 2 resulting...

The putative father, Lehr, lived with the mother before the birth of their daughter, who was born out of wedlock. Lehr failed to enter his name in the State of New York's "putative father registry," which would have triggered notice to him...